Beyond the Catalyst: The Human Cost, State Responsibility, and the Islamic Legal Perspective on the Post-9/11 Era
Twenty-five years after the 11 September 2001 attacks, the foundational narrative of the "War on Terror" remains legally, historically, and epistemologically unexamined. This article approaches the anniversary through the dual lenses of Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh, فقه) and critical international legal theory.